Why isn’t birch used much in the manufacturing of guitars anymore?

Rambozo96

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This is a question that’s been going around in my mind a bit and more so after I had bought a 40’s Regal mini jumbo. It’s a weird phenomenon because it seems after Harmony’s American factory in Chicago went under in 1974-6 it seems like almost nobody used birch on guitars anymore. Granted it seemed like an inexpensive choice of woods for entry to mid level guitars made before the 60’s or so but it seems like those guitars had a sound and a vibe that’s missing.
 

hearth_man

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Birch was a very popular wood for instrument bodies before the 1940's, at least in the US. It was used in mandolins and guitars quite a bit by Gibson, Regal, Vega and others. Of course it was abundant in the Great Lakes region where these companies were located as well.
 

chazmo

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Excellent question, Rambozo... You might ask that question in the luthier's section of the acoustic guitar forum as those guys might have a really good answer for you. Here, perhaps @Christopher Cozad or @AcornHouse might have one as well!

Personally, I have no idea.

I'll move this thread to the tech shop.
 

adorshki

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From Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birch :
  • Because of the hardness of birch, it is easier to shape it with power tools; it is quite difficult to work it with hand tools.

Got a suspicion that may have a lot to do with it. At first I thought maybe there was a supply problem from blight.
 

fronobulax

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Got a suspicion that may have a lot to do with it. At first I thought maybe there was a supply problem from blight.
I wondered about supply but couldn't find evidence for that either. Specific to guitars the claims were that it was hard to work with and that as a tonewood it was inferior to other readily available alternatives. That makes me want to flip the question - why was it used earlier in the century and why did it fall out of favor? Or maybe it was never popular?
 

Rambozo96

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I wondered about supply but couldn't find evidence for that either. Specific to guitars the claims were that it was hard to work with and that as a tonewood it was inferior to other readily available alternatives. That makes me want to flip the question - why was it used earlier in the century and why did it fall out of favor? Or maybe it was never popular?
I mean it was used on a few lower end and middle of the road stuff so maybe it got the reputation of being a bad tonewood given sometimes the mindset of mo money mo betta is a thing in some circles.
 

merlin6666

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I think it's still used as core wood for higher end laminate guitars, along with poplar. It's probably not considered as pretty as exotic woods so usually is covered with veneer. Silly marketing people often list the visible veneer for laminate in specs but not the more important core woods.
 

hearth_man

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In the early days of US volume instrument production for the general public, material availability and cost would have been a big factor in those choices. They didn't have international supply chains like we do today.😁

 

adorshki

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I wondered about supply but couldn't find evidence for that either. Specific to guitars the claims were that it was hard to work with and that as a tonewood it was inferior to other readily available alternatives. That makes me want to flip the question - why was it used earlier in the century and why did it fall out of favor? Or maybe it was never popular?
In the early days of US volume instrument production for the general public, material availability and cost would have been a big factor in those choices. They didn't have international supply chains like we do today.😁

That'd be my guess too. Ready availability/low cost was enough to offset the difficulty of working with hand tools, but eventually other woods especially Mahogany became more readily available. It seems the timing of the popularity of birch coincides with the dwindling of the American Mahogany market in the late 1800's?

Maybe they needed the alternative at the time?
 

Guildedagain

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In this brave new world, tonewoods don't exist.

A lack of tonewoods have newbies to the game denying they ever existed, but if they did exist, Birch is pretty low rent on the totem pole, to mix metaphors.

However, those old Stellas sound pretty neat, and unique, and old timey.

One of my Stellas, a country picker friend played while visiting, offered to trade me his guitar on the spot for it, I declined.

They do have a unique tone.
 

Guildedagain

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Marshall and other - Orange - cabinets used Baltic Birch plywood, up to 13 plies, heavy, rigid.

All notions of "solid" woods being superior in tone don't matter when it comes to solid Birch Harmony guitars that used to sell in the $75 price range, now a bit more.

I've got the trifecta of small birch bodied parlor guitars, Stella (Harmony), Kay, and Airline, actually attached enough to each one to not sell them.

And a 12 string Stella - now fabled KC model - and a Kay mandolin, a whole lotta Birch.

The Airline I almost sold and had a case of sellers remorse in the moment, had to tell the buyer "no go" and he got a little desperate, offered me more I recall. I had my reasons, lucky guitar.

I was selling a Stella once, probably the one I still have - with psychedelic 3D top - to a couple Emo kids, sitting in my kitchen back when I had the house in town, and the one kid was playing it, and they weren't digging it, so I cut to the chase, "Do you want it?" and the kid says "I dunno, it sounds like a cheap guitar".

Bingo, it is a cheap guitar ;[]

My pile of Birch kindling, the plain top 3D Stella is not featured because it's not a burst.

Sunbursts.JPG
 
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Prince of Darkness

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Marshall and other - Orange - cabinets used Baltic Birch plywood, up to 13 plies, heavy, rigid.

All notions of "solid" woods being superior in tone don't matter when it comes to solid Birch Harmony guitars that used to sell in the $75 price range, now a bit more.

I've got the trifecta of small birch bodied parlor guitars, Stella (Harmony), Kay, and Airline, actually attached to each one to not sell them.

And a 12 string Stella - now fabled KC model - and a Kay mandolin, a whole lotta Birch.

The Airline I almost sold and had a case of sellers remorse in the moment, had to tell the buyer "no go" and he got a little desperate, offered me more I recall. I had my reasons, lucky guitar.

I was selling a Stella once, probably the one I still have - with psychedelic 3D top - to a couple Emo kids, sitting in my kitchen back when I had the house in town, and the one kid was playing it, and they weren't digging it, so I cut to the chase, "Do you want it?" and the kid says "I dunno, it sounds like a cheap guitar"

Bingo, it is a cheap guitar ;[]

My pile of Birch kindling, the plain top 3D Stella is not featured because it's not a burst.

Sunbursts.JPG
I looked into it after my previous post and found that out. Also that Fender used solid pine in their smaller cabinets. Currently, MDF is common, particularly at the lower end of the market.
 

Guildedagain

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Fender used solid pine in their smaller cabinets
Early Champ and other Tweed amp cabs were solid pine, and according to legend, the cabs vibrate and begin to sing along with the speaker, part of the Champ magic.

There's a lot of old barnwood around here, 100 years old easily. I sometimes dream of getting old boards, planing them, dovetailing some boards, making cabs of old reclaimed timbers, selling them.

Big bucks for not a lot of material.
 

chazmo

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Ralf, excellent article, and definitely answers the question Rambozo asked. Great stuff.

That fellow has some nice figured birch. I'll bet that would make excellent guitars. That guy is/was making soundboards from it. Interesting!
 

GGJaguar

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Weren't some of Peavey's acoustic guitars made of birch by Landola in Finland?
 

hearth_man

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Two main reasons :
-birch is not a great looking wood. Very plain to ugly color, no figuring.

-the guitar buying public wants mahogany, rosewood or maple.
I think this is the key... Today the availability of high quality, sometimes exotic, but definitely affordable tone woods would blow the mind of manufactures back in the 30's and 40's and through to the 60's!

I think another issue is that today the instrument market is so huge and such low cost import instruments made with what would have been high end tone woods are cheap and common place. Entry level instruments today would amaze the students in years past. And the entry level players today expect a high quality instrument as a matter of course.

I doubt very much that back in the 30s and 40's people were saying look at these crappy birch bodied mandolins. Not to dispute the sound quality of birch body instruments, but I will say my 1918 Gibson K-1 mandocello with spruce top (a bit sunken at that) and birch body sounds pretty sweet.😁
 
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